My Love, A Nigerian Movie - 969 Words

‘My Love’, a Nigerian movie to be shown on our Campus This interesting film was produced by Ojiofor Ezeanyaeche in the year 2002, and it was accepted worldwide due to its advantageous messages to the youths, especially on campuses. It blends well with the exact happenings in our societies this day as the story was highly original. The Title, ‘my love’ might not catch much attention until it is shown here on campus and watched by the student populace. This film, ‘My Love’ should be shown on campus so that the students who are also the leaders of tomorrow will know who, how and when to love. One of the nagging problems nowadays is the frustrations that arise in terms of choice making on the part of our youths and the wrong decisions that follow. This of course can be tackled among our youths if this film is shown on this Campus for the entire students. ‘My Love’ is a must watched film for every youth across the globe. ‘My Loveâ €™ is a Nigerian movie which is to be shown on campus so in order to educate young people on whom to love. Real love is of course the foundation of every marriage, and marriage forms an important part of every individual life. The problem of wrong choice is very common among the youths of this generation and one of the ways to correct it is to get a play related to the situation, show it in schools and enable the students to have the real feelings. ‘My Love’ is a film whereby a lady wrongfully fell in love with a guy that his background was well known toShow MoreRelatedReflective Essay On Refugee Refugees1161 Words   |  5 Pagesor those with physical and mental disabilities. 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I work on an acute care setting as an Assistant Nurse Manager, the patient population is mainly cardiac patientsRead MoreFeminism And Women s Rights On The Grounds Of Political, Social, And Social Equality1841 Words   |  8 Pagesshe is going through. She pushes a human being through her body and from that day, becomes one of the strongest people anyone knows. Men believe that they are superior to women but it is the other way around. Just as the famous saying goes from the movie â€Å"Annie†, â€Å"Anything you can do, I can do better. I can do anything better than you!† is true. Women CAN do anything better than men. As for patriarchy, that is the dominance of men in society and the oppression of women for men’s gain. Men think theyRead MoreThe Differences Between Peoples Attitudes Towards Gender Roles2954 Words   |  12 Pagesfrom desire to get better. Otherwise people won’t care about the problem and do anything about it. Last example is in a film called The Power of The Poor. The film illustrates how Peruvians are seeking for better life through financial success. The movie mentions that many poor families are moving into cities to become richer (Taylor). In addition, the film introduces that migration is happening globally these days. Why do people move form country sides to cities? The answer is simple. People are seekingRead MoreGrammar and Writing Class Curriculum Map2910 Words   |  12 Pagesin a sentence. (but,for,and) Interjections: An interjection is a word that can display feelings. (Wow! Hey!) Pronoun: A pronoun can be used to replace either a noun or pronoun. Underline the Nouns, Adjectives in the following sentences. 1. My shoes are blue in color. 2. There are several people currently being held hostage. 3. The bag was quite expensive. Underline the Verbs and Adverbs. 1. Jake wrestled with his brother today. 2. Lilly Anne stop chewing loudly! 3. 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Feminism in Aliens Free Essays

Having carried their gender as a burden for years, woman have now grown to have a massive and essential influence in worldwide cinema. Feminist film theory challenges audiences to understand the source of gender inequality. Predominantly a masculine industry, early film have been said to contain the â€Å"male gaze,† where the audience is placed in the shoes of a heterosexual male and woman are a merely objects to be viewed or damsels to be saved. We will write a custom essay sample on Feminism in Aliens or any similar topic only for you Order Now The science fiction and horror genres are no stranger to this technique often putting women in a helpless situation against monstrous forces until the big hero comes. Aliens, written and directed by Oscar winning James Cameron, turns this gaze around presenting its strong female heroine, Ripley. In Lynda Bundtzen’s article, â€Å"Monstrous Mothers,† she states the film as being â€Å"a profoundly disturbing allegory about contemporary feminism†¦ woman’s culture vs. her culture making aspirations,† (Bundtzen 11) Aliens expresses its major analysis of both genders, but emphasizes female empowerment making it a driving force for feminism in film.It is undeniable that one of the many themes presented in Aliens is that the female gender is far from inferior. In writing the dialogue, Cameron expresses the behavior of a male brute, yet showing their inevitable downfall. During Act I of Cameron’s script, our protagonist, Ripley, is wrongfully thought to be hysterically crazy when warning a room full of men about the dangers of the alien species. The male soldiers share this same flaw undermining the female and expressing their dominance. During the drop of the LV-426 ship, Hudson boasts, â€Å"I’m ready, man, check it out. I am the ultimate badass! State of the badass art! You do not wanna fuck with me. Check it out! Hey Ripley, don’t worry. Me and my squad of ultimate badasses will protect you! Check it out! Independently targeting particle beam phalanx. Vwap! Fry half a city with this puppy. We got tactical smart missiles, phase-plasma pulse rifles, RPGs, we got sonic electronic ball breakers! † (James Cameron, dir. , 1986). Along with a tough front, Hudson also expresses his arrogance asking Vasquez, â€Å"Hey Vasquez, have you ever been mistaken for a man? † she replies, â€Å"No, have you? † (James Cameron, dir. 1986). Not only does Cameron write for Hudson to be ignorant, the female soldier Vasquez seems equal in physical strength, but superior in wit and confidence. The story moves forward, and all the characters begin to show their true selves as the trials wane down their fronts. Aliens begin to close in on the team’s position and Hudson seems weaker as if a scared child screaming, â€Å"Oh dear Lord Jesus, this ain’t happening, man†¦ This can’t be happening, man! This isn’t happening! † (James Cameron, dir. , 1986). The trials brake down this man once filled with superiority into a now inferior being.With experience and wisdom, Ripley seems more calm and collected in handling the situation. Not even the little Newt now seems as much of an infant as the soldier Hudson. As the film moves, more and more do the triumph of the female characters overcome the inferiority of the â€Å"masculine† soldiers; Cameron explores the power of the relationship between mother and daughter or just mother and its offspring. Acting as a motherly figure, Ripley faces almost certain death to save the little girl Newt (an action the males in this film would never execute) .Just as the rays of hope begin to shine on the lives of Newt and Ripley, Cameron’s thematic narrative brings back the true enemy. The only thing standing between them and life is the mother alien herself. The mother is shown as the largest and strongest of the breed with the ability to implement embryos in its victims, or in other words, create life. The â€Å"defeat† and escape of this massive mother is â€Å"only provisional and temporary,† (Bundtzen 11). Aliens, written and directed by a male, is a film that yells for the strength of every type of woman.The innocent child Newt, the tough and admirable Vasquez, the deadly and powerful mother alien, and the heroine of all, Ripley are all glorified in some way. In glorifying the woman, the film simultaneously emasculates the roles of men and expresses a different viewpoint on genders. No longer will the male hero be required to save the day, Ripley shows strength, honor, and bravery in a time when all else fail aspire. Though not a ideological feminist character, Ripley shows the traits of the strong feminine movement.1. Bundtzen, Lynda K. â€Å"Monstrous Mothers: Medusa, Grendel, and now Alien. Film Quarterly. Vol. 15, No. 3. p. 11-17. 1987. 2. Cameron, James, dir. Aliens. Feature Film. Twentieth Century Fox, 1986. Aliens Collector Edition, Twentieth Century Fox Home Entertainment, 2003. 3. Doherty, Thomas. â€Å"Genre, Gender, and the Aliens Trilogy. † The Dread of Difference. Barry Keith Grant, Ed. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1996. p. 181-199. 4. Creed, Barbara. â€Å"Horror and the Monstrous Feminine: An Imaginary Abjection. † Screen 27. 1 (1986): 44-70. Rpt. As â€Å"Alien and the Monstrous Feminine. † In Kuhn, Alien Zone (1990): 128-144. How to cite Feminism in Aliens, Papers

Patient Safety Using Coroner Findings

Question: Discuss about the Patient Safety Using Coroner Findings. Answer: Introduction It is almost incalculable on the contribution of nurses towards the health and wellbeing of individuals and the whole community. Nursing as a profession promotes public health and eases the pain and suffering advocated for the weak and vulnerable so as to attain quality health. Healthcare provided by qualified nurses initiates the following; saving a life, preventing complications and sufferings, and improving the well-being of individuals. However, they face a lot of challenges for instance, when a patient dies in front of them due to poor decision making and failure to provide the necessary care to the patient. This essay critiques on the analysis of nursing, the tort of negligence and the ethical issues. Analysis SM is a patient who died from pulmonary embolism originating from deep vein thrombosis in the right calf after undergoing surgery in the hospital for treatment of a ruptured appendicitis. Despite SMs previous sickness, what led to his death can be put into judgement especially to the health care team, as such, a report on the findings of the coroner showed that there is an explicit failure on the intervention team in identifying and investigating the cause of his unrelenting saturations of low oxygen levels. When the health care team used oxygen to manage low oxygen saturations on SM, it depicts a presence of poor decision making tactics by the initial treatment team. For a nurse to carry out a significant role in the health of a patient, a consultation is always needed from either conducting an investigation or enquiring information from medical officers (El-Jardali, et.al, 2011). However, findings from the coroner shows that oxygen was used and adjusted between low flow through nasal prongs and high flow through Hudson mask. In this case, medical intervention and an investigation were required so as to identify the cause before making a decision. Nevertheless, an arterial blood gas test was not done on the patient, SM, because they thought hypoxia and low saturations were not under considerations and this should have been done. As such, it indicates how poor decision making is in the health care team especially in nursing. According to research, decisions that nurses make should first be investigated and consulted with the medical doctors since decisions require specialist expertise. Arguably, the death of SM resulted from his conditions, but it seems to have been a combination of systemic issues encompassing decisions that were made in the treatment process. Appropriate prophylaxis includes a first dose of chemical prophylaxis either pre-operatively or intra-operatively. However, the findings indicated that SM did not receive heparin treatment until the following day at 8.00 am. Despite the case not contributing to the death of SM, it shows poor care provision. Also, there was no record of the treating surgical team of the VTE risk assessment and thus can indicate ongoing inadequate care provision since they fail to comply with the procedure of VTE prophylaxis of the hospital. Research suggests that compliance with a documented risk assessment for VTE prophylaxis during surgery is essential when it comes to incidents of accidents and investigations (Melnyk, Gallagher-Ford Fineout-Overholt, 2014). Failure to complete an observation form on the early morning was an indication of poor care at the local hospital. From the findings, it was noted that some observations were not on the record, not in trend and not documented, if they were there, they were not added correctly. The provision of care given by a nurse is essential for the health outcome of a patient (Chassin Loeb, 2011). It is necessary for nurses and practitioners to be sensitive on what is required of them in administering healthcare to the patients. Best Practice and Patient Safety A healthcare team should translate to providing their level best care to patients. This includes watching patients wellbeing, their situations and making early recognition on clinical deterioration so as to ensure their patients are in the proper status of improvement. To provide best practices, nurses can utilize their psychomotor domains such as coordination and physical movement. In nursing skills, it is essential for them to be competent to fundamental safety and efficient practicing. A psychomotor skill requires training, commitment and practice for better performance in techniques of safety, correct sequencing and accuracy. Nurses can use psychomotor skills to make observations on the patient and be under close supervision of a medical doctor. They should perform the skill independently while coordinating and modifying the skill so as to be accurate and be competent. Communication is required in the environment of health care right from senior doctors to those below them. One of the incidents that arose in SM's condition was failure to communicate by the nurse to the top medical doctors. Open communication between hospitals, nursing assistants, nurses in charge, directors and administrators and other staffs is the key to keeping problems from becoming severe" (Rilley, 2015)). Though nurses are required to apply oxygen to patients so as to offer support, they should first communicate before carrying out the procedure. Monitoring is essential for better practice in nursing so as to observe the changes being made by the patient. Monitoring is recommendable for patients with worse and sudden conditions so as to be able to take immediate action and avoiding increasing risk to the patient. Control of health is the requirement of nurses by the health care (DeWit O'Neill, 2013). It is an ongoing collection that is purposeful by interpreting and synthesizing data for clinical decision making with the aim of identifying and preventing probable problems. The practice involves skill in the exploit of devices for monitoring so as to measure the oxygenation and other states such as neurological respiration status. Monitoring is about thinking critically about the probable reason for changes in the vital signs of a patient. Research indicates that to monitor is to think far from the obvious in treatment construction then formulating a strategy to intervene the recognized results of the patient (Elliot Covetting , 2012). Reporting involves the nurse and the patient playing a role in ensuring there is safety. A patient is supposed to report any pain and anything that he or she might be uncomfortable with so as the right action is taken (Huber, 2013). On the other hand, nurses are to report on any matter that seems critical and beyond their effort. They should ensure they report on the medicines which they give to the patient so as to create awareness to the medical officer. Accountability and responsibility- The nurse is the key and prime link to a patient in access to medical care. In the correctional setting, exploitation of nursing processes such as detailed assessment is critical to the outcome of the patient (Hood, 2013). Nurses are accountable in collecting detailed data in a systemic and ongoing procedure in using tools and techniques that are appropriate so as to construct a coherent plan and be able to give subsequent care (Solbrekke England, 2011). They are responsible for promoting the provision of safe, appropriate and ethical care. Nurses are to evaluate their own practice and undertake activities that are meant to improve practice. They are also answerable for their actions and professional conduct. They are responsible for working together with the patient so as to make sure the health of the patient is progressing well. Tort of Negligence A tort of negligence is being careless and signifies a failure to exercise care that is the standard which another reasonable person should have applied in the circumstances. There is a statutory duty in taking care when it is reasonable in foreseeing failure that is likely to cause injury (Swisher, 2011). Negligence is when many kinds of harms are created by the inability to take adequate precautions. Unintentional tort is usually a negligence which conducts falls below the standard care while malpractice is negligence that is conducted by a professional nurse or a physician. Medical negligence takes place when professionals of heath care fail to carry out a reasonable medical professional (Nettina, Msn Nettina, 2013). The malpractice is seen as conduct that is somehow mere negligence since the medical malpractice is usually negligence by the provider of health care that caused the injury to the patient. In this case, SM has low oxygen saturation in his body and reduced breath sounds at the bottom of his lungs. The patient sits out of bed all day, a repeat x-ray and ongoing chest physiotherapy is carried out with no medical credentials on the low saturations on SM and this is to show negligence by the nurses. Also when they take an action of applying and changing level flow through nasal prongs and high flow through Hudson mask the nurses show their negligence or failure to carry out investigations from the medical officers who are around despite their increased support in administering the oxygen saturations. The purpose of the nurse was not to conduct harm to SM. However, their failure to seek first guidance and consultation from the medical seniors indicates their negligence (Studdert, et.al., 2011). Elements In the current medical malpractices lawsuit, the plaintiff must be proven in the following elements and must be established by a preponderance of the evidence. The defendant owing the plaintiff a reasonable duty of care- the plaintiff must indicate that the nurse had a role in giving care to the plaintiff. It can be easy for the plaintiff to be proven since once nurses undertake their care; they have an apparent role in providing care for the patient in a way that is competent and reasonable (Shandell, Smith Schulman, 2015). All nurses owe a duty of precise care to all patients. Breached duty of a defendant- this occurs when a nurse doesn't do what a reasonable nurse would have done when in the same situation, thus it can mean that a nurse can fall below the acceptable standard of care. Incurred injury, loss or harm to the defendant- in proving the element of damage, the plaintiff must be capable of establishing experienced physical harm, lost money or actual decline in the life quality of patient (Kessler, 2011). As such, it will help to determine the monetary indemnity that will be rewarded if plaintiff at trial succeeds and works out. Ethical Issues Clinical discipline gives a structural loom to help physicians to recognize, examine and resolve ethical issues. It also requires knowledge on ethical matters such as informed approval, confidentiality and much more. The principle of respect for the autonomy-Any notion of ethical decision making assumes that agents of rationale are engaged in decision making that is informed and voluntary. The decision of the patient and autonomy must be respected as well as the physician must carry out to avoid harm and give a medical benefit (Johnstone, 2015). In SMs case, he had informed the doctor on where he was feeling the pain, but the doctor went out and carried surgery thinking it could be related. Here, the prima facie of the physician is to respect the choice of the patient. Non-maleficence principle- it requires that no harm should be intentionally created to the patient. It affirms on the medical need of the patient so as to protect him or her from damage. In some cases, it might be difficult to choose from imminent harm, for instance in the case of SM; it was hard for the nurses to escape the damage that SM was experiencing. The case might be confusing since the single action and a decision could have an effect on the outcome of the patient. Therefore it is good for the practitioners to consider the nature of the act, the intention of the agent and the difference between means and effects. Beneficence Principle- health care has duties in being the benefit of the patient as well as undertaking steps in preventing and removing harm from the patient. This principle should be given the priority over others especially in Emergence Medicine (Veatch, 2016). At the time of surgery of SM, nurses could communicate with the senior doctors, but no action was done. When a physician acts from a spirit of benevolence in giving treatments that are beneficial, then that is often the best interest in the eye of the patient. When SM is under surgery, a justified paternalism should be seen in the treatment of SM and the communication being given to the medical doctors. Conclusion In general, Nurses have a role to carry in the health of all individuals in the hospital and the society. They should work keenly by ensuring they maintain the ethic of their professionalism for better well-being and health of all people. References Chassin, M. R., Loeb, J. M. (2011). The ongoing quality improvement journey: next stop, high reliability. Health Affairs, 30(4), 559-568. DeWit, S. C., O'Neill, P. A. (2013). Fundamental concepts and skills for nursing. Elsevier Health Sciences. Elliott, M., Coventry, A. (2012). Critical care: the eight vital signs of patient monitoring. Br J Nurs, 21(10), 621-625. El-Jardali, F., Dimassi, H., Jamal, D., Jaafar, M., Hemadeh, N. (2011). Predictors and outcomes of patient safety culture in hospitals. BMC Health Services Research, 11(1), 1. Hood, L. (2013). Leddy Pepper's Conceptual bases of professional nursing. Lippincott Williams Wilkins. Huber, D. (2013). Leadership and nursing care management. Elsevier Health Sciences. Johnstone, M. J. (2015). Bioethics: a nursing perspective. Elsevier Health Sciences. Kessler, D. P. (2011). Evaluating the medical malpractice system and options for reform. The Journal of Economic Perspectives, 25(2), 93-110. Melnyk, B. M., Gallagher?Ford, L., Long, L. E., Fineout?Overholt, E. (2014). The establishment of evidence?based practice competencies for practicing registered nurses and advanced practice nurses in real?world clinical settings: proficiencies to improve healthcare quality, reliability, patient outcomes, and costs. Worldviews on Evidence?Based Nursing, 11(1), 5-15. Nettina, S. M., Msn, A. B., Nettina, S. M. (2013). Lippincott manual of nursing practice. Lippincott Williams Wilkins. Riley, J. B. (2015). Communication in nursing. Elsevier Health Sciences. Shandell, R. E., Smith, P., Schulman, F. A. (2015). The preparation and trial of medical malpractice cases. Law Journal Press. Solbrekke, T. D., Englund, T. (2011). Bringing professional responsibility back in. Studies in Higher Education, 36(7), 847-861. Studdert, D. M., Spittal, M. J., Mello, M. M., O'Malley, A. J., Stevenson, D. G. (2011). Relationship between quality of care and negligence litigation in nursing homes. New England Journal of Medicine, 364(13), 1243-1250. Swisher, P. N. (2011). Virginia Should Abolish the Archaic Tort Defense of Contributory Negligence and Adopt a Comparative Negligence Defense in Its Place. U. Rich. L. Rev., 46, 359. Veatch, R. M. (2016). The basics of bioethics. Routledge.

An Appreciation of the Short Story The Black Veil by Charles Dickens Essay Example

An Appreciation of the Short Story The Black Veil by Charles Dickens Paper Charles Dickens, as a novel writer, is renown for writing in excessive amounts in order to describe people or the atmosphere, or for setting scenes. However, in his short stories, such as The Black Veil, he has to keep the story short, and so cannot afford to go into as much detail as he would prefer. However, being one of the great authors of all time, he still manages to create classic works in just a few pages. The Black Veil is approximately 10 pages long, which, compared with Dickens novels, is very short indeed, even smaller than a usual chapter in a novel. In the first paragraph, Dickens ttempts to set the scene by describing the weather. Usually, he would write for a relatively long time about such a thing, but here he has to keep it short, spending only a paragraph on the subject. He decides to make the weather outside very harsh in order to quickly set an atmospheric mood of cold and dark, and mystery. He backs up his description of how bad the weather is by contrasting it with the surgeons warm home. First, he thought how hard the wind was blowing and how the cold, sharp rain would be at that moment beating in his face if he were not comfortably housed at home. Dickens also spends little time in describing the surgeon himself, not even telling the reader his name. However, it does mention a character called Rose, who the surgeon wishes to marry. We will write a custom essay sample on An Appreciation of the Short Story The Black Veil by Charles Dickens specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on An Appreciation of the Short Story The Black Veil by Charles Dickens specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on An Appreciation of the Short Story The Black Veil by Charles Dickens specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer This outlines the surgeons aims in life, and also his problems. Then he began to wonder when his first patient would appear or whether he was destined, by a special dispensation of providence, never to have any patients at all. In this opening paragraph, Dickens has set the scene and has added the start of a plot through a, at this point, very vague character. The next paragraph introduces another character who is intended by Dickens to add both ension and a comical effect to the story. The character has very little description, but from what there is, the reader imagines a chubby little boy eating peppermints all day. He introduces the main subject of the story, the woman in the black veil, and does so in an interesting, and somewhat amusing way. The main purpose of the boy is to add a wider perspective of the woman. He causes suspense and tension, as well as excitement from the way he tries to tell the surgeon of the visitor, but is obviously afraid of her. The boy makes the woman seem disturbing and frightening. The next paragraph describes the womans appearance, vaguely, but showing that she is of a strange appearance. She does not say anything for a long time, adding to the suspense and making her seem even stranger. The woman then tells the surgeon of her problem, which to the reader, and the surgeon, sounds ridiculus. There is a sense of mystery and confusion, as the reader cannot comprehend why the woman will not let the surgeon help the man she speaks of until it is too late. Dickens makes the woman sound desperate and deeply concerned for the person she talks of, but he does not reveal why the woman will not let the surgeon see he man. Tomorrow morning he of whom I speak will be I know, though I would fain think otherwise, beyond the reach of human aid; and yet, tonight, though he is in deadly peril, you must not and could not serve him. Dickens continues to keep the reader confused, not giving away the reason why the surgeon cannot help the man, constantly repeating the fact that he is going to die before tomorrow, but he cannot be helped until tomorrow. Dickens then issues some possibilities of why the man cannot be seen, or helped until tomorrow. He does this to keep the reader thinking and to keep them interested.

The History of the Armillary Sphere

The History of the Armillary Sphere An armillary sphere is a miniature representation of celestial objects in the sky, depicted as a series of rings centered around a globe. Armillary spheres have a long history. Early History of the Armillary Sphere Some sources credit Greek philosopher Anaximander of Miletus (611-547 BCE) with inventing the armillary sphere, others credit Greek astronomer Hipparchus (190-120 BCE), and some credit the Chinese. Armillary spheres first appeared in China during the Han Dynasty (206 BCE-220 CE). One early  Chinese  armillary sphere can be traced to Zhang Heng, an astronomer in the Eastern Han Dynasty (25-220 CE). The exact origin of armillary spheres cannot be confirmed. However, during the Middle Ages, armillary spheres became widespread and increased in sophistication. Armillary Spheres in Germany The earliest surviving globes were produced in Germany. Some were made by German map-maker Martin Behaim of Nuremberg in 1492. Another early maker of armillary spheres was Caspar Vopel (1511-1561), a German mathematician and geographer. Vopel made a small manuscript terrestrial globe housed within a series of eleven interlocking armillary rings produced in 1543. What Armillary Spheres Got Wrong By moving the armillary rings, you could theoretically demonstrate how the stars and other celestial objects moved in the sky. However, these armillary spheres reflected early misconceptions of astronomy. The spheres depicted  the Earth at the center of the universe, with interlocking rings illustrating the circles of the sun, moon, known planets, and important stars (as well as the signs of the zodiac). This makes them a model of the inaccurate Ptolemaic (or Earth-centered) cosmic system (as opposed to the  way things actually work, by the Copernican System, with the sun as the center of the solar system.) Armillary spheres  often got geography wrong, too- Caspar Vopels sphere, for instance, depicts North America and Asia as one land mass, a common misconception of the time.

Polis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Polis - Essay Example However, by the 12th century BC, they started living as nomadic or sedentary tribes. By the 8th century BC, these tribes grew into political entities that revolved around trade and commerce. From here, the Polis was born, spurred on by the need for common protection and organization among these entities. The Polis was not a structure that was bound by territory as much as it was bound by political, religious, or tribal affiliation of the members. A polis would be composed of several tribes, or demes; foreigners, or metics; and slaves. Only the demes would be truly considered as citizens and would have the right to participate in the polis' government. The polis, being a small city-state (Sparta was the largest at only 3000 square miles), allowed for much political experimentation. At the beginning, various structures were employed by the Greek states - monarchies (rule by kings), oligarchies (rule by a few), timocracies (rule by the wealthy), tyrannies (rule by tyrants or usurpers) and democracies (rule by the people). The states adopted the structure that they saw most fit for the crises they encountered. One other advantage of a polis was its size. Since the polis was a small city-based entity, it was easier to manage, organize.

Down Syndrome Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Down Syndrome - Essay Example Down believed that those suffering from the condition could lead a better life if given a chance (Bowman-Kruhm 11). The condition came to be referred as Down syndrome in the early 1960s (Margulies 8). Dr. Jerome Lejeune and Patricia Jacobs, in 1959, identified the link between DS and the presence of an extra chromosome (Bowman-Kruhm 12). Symptoms Those suffering from DS exhibit both physical abnormalities as well as health complications. They have delayed cognitive development during early infancy, leading to mental retardation and reduction in intelligence quotient (IQ) from early infancy to late childhood (Rachidi & Lopes). They experience deficiency in speech and language production. The low IQ persists in adulthood and is coupled with a decline in cognition, which is a result of accelerated ageing. By the fourth decade of life, there is often an early onset of neurohistopathology, resembling Alzheimer’s disease (Rachidi & Lopes). Patients with DS have deficient spatial lea rning, behavioral defects, and memory deficits due to development and functional impairments in neurogenesis, myelination, synaptogenesis, etc. in the brain (Rachidi & Lopes). Patients with DS often have some or many of the commonly recognizable traits commonly associated with the condition. They lack normal muscle tone, giving them a â€Å"floppy† appearance (Griffith, Moore and Yoder 270). The head is often abnormally shaped, with an unusually shaped skull. They also have unusual facial features such as flattened nose, large tongues, small mouths, abnormally shaped ears, broad hands with large palm creases, and slanting almond shaped eyes with an abnormal iris... Those suffering from DS exhibit both physical abnormalities as well as health complications. They have delayed cognitive development during early infancy, leading to mental retardation and reduction in intelligence quotient (IQ) from early infancy to late childhood (Rachidi & Lopes). They experience deficiency in speech and language production. The low IQ persists in adulthood and is coupled with a decline in cognition, which is a result of accelerated ageing. By the fourth decade of life, there is often an early onset of neurohistopathology, resembling Alzheimer’s disease (Rachidi & Lopes). Patients with DS have deficient spatial learning, behavioral defects, and memory deficits due to development and functional impairments in neurogenesis, myelination, synaptogenesis, etc. in the brain (Rachidi & Lopes). Patients with DS often have some or many of the commonly recognizable traits commonly associated with the condition. They lack normal muscle tone, giving them a â€Å"floppy† appearance (Griffith, Moore and Yoder 270). The head is often abnormally shaped, with an unusually shaped skull. They also have unusual facial features such as flattened nose, large tongues, small mouths, abnormally shaped ears, broad hands with large palm creases, and slanting almond shaped eyes with an abnormal iris (Griffith, Moore and Yoder 270). It is also observed that the inner corner of the eyes in patients with DS has a rounded fold of skin called the epicanthial fold (Griffith, Moore and Yoder 270). Apart from these, they also often suffer from gastrointestinal and heart defects. Some patients with DS are found to possess normal intelligence, while most others suffer from intellectual deficiencies (Margulies 5).